What is dental plaque and why do my gums bleed?
Dental plaque is a sticky layer of mixed bacteria that surrounds teeth and extends below the gums. When dental plaque builds up around the teeth, the byproducts from the bacteria diffuse into the gums. This causes a response from the body resulting in gums that are red, swollen and bleed easily (gingivitis) and bad breath (halitosis). Gingivitis is not painful and completely reversible if treated appropriately. It is estimated that approximately 50% of the population has gingivitis
However, if gingivitis is not treated it may progress to periodontitis (see image above). Periodontitis is irreversible and involves destruction of the bone that supports the tooth, which if not treated, can lead to tooth loss. In addition to tooth loss, research1234 has shown that bacteria and their toxins from periodontitis can enter the bloodstream and lead to general health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, strokes, Alzheimer’s disease, pneumonia, kidney disease, some forms of cancer and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
The most common causes of gum disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) include poor oral hygiene, smoking and diabetes. Genetics, stress, obesity and certain medications have also been implicated. Gum disease can be treated effectively by your dentist or dental hygienist by a procedure known as scaling and cleaning. Deep cleaning is also required in certain cases where the dentist will numb the tooth and gums using local anaesthesia. Good oral hygiene at home is essential and your dentist will provide advice on brushing and flossing techniques and the use of additional products such as mouthrinses and interdental cleaning aids. Lastly, regular dental visits are required to ensure that periodontal disease remains stable.
1https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/living-with-diabetes/preventing-complications/dental-health/
2https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/blog/gum-disease-heart-health
3https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/oralhealth/prevention/Pages/heart-disease-and-oral-health-factsheet.aspx
4https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/gum-disease-and-heart-health-probing-the-link